![]() ![]() Finding European construction styles impractical in local conditions, Spanish and Filipino builders quickly adapted the characteristics of the Bahay Kubo of the natives and applied it to Spanish Colonial architecture. The twin dangers of fire and earthquake gave rise to another type of architecture. īahay na bato in Luneta, with a Thatch roof reminiscent of its Bahay kubo architectural basis. However, the ambitious plans of the Spaniards were dashed in 1645 when a terrible earthquake struck Manila. Glowing accounts of towering palaces and splendid mansions reached the peninsula. Some of these materials included bricks, mortar, tiles and stone. This new community setup made construction using heavier, more permanent materials desirable. Thus began what has been called the first golden age of building in stone. For this purpose, the Chinese and the indigenous Filipinos were taught how to quarry and dress stone, how to prepare and use mortar, and how to mold bricks. By 1587, Governor General Santiago de Vera required all buildings in Manila to be built of stone. Sedeño built the first stone building, which was the residence of Bishop Salazar. By the mid-1580s, through the efforts of Domingo Salazar, the first bishop of Manila, and of the Jesuit Antonio Sedeño, edifices began to be constructed of stone. The Spaniards then quickly introduced the idea of building more permanent communities with the church and government center as a focal points. Clusters of these wooden houses clearly were predisposed to fire. Its resemblance to a cube earned its description in Spanish, cubo. In its most basic form, the house consisted of four walls enclosing one or more rooms, with the whole structure raised above ground on stilts. Bahay kubo's roofs were of nipa palm or cogon grass. The first buildings during the early years of Spanish occupation were of wood and bamboo, materials with which the pre-Hispanic indigenous Filipinos had been working expertly since early times known as Bahay kubo (later named by the Americans as "nipa hut"). Precolonial Philippine architecture is based on the traditional stilt houses of the Austronesian people of Southeast Asia. Vega Ancestral House Spanish colonial-era nipa mansion, a "Proto- Bahay na bato style" house in Poblacion, Balingasag, Misamis Oriental Mindanao Philippines The name got applied to the architecture as generations pass by, because it is the first dominant house architecture in the Philippines that uses stone materials contrary to its predecessor Bahay kubo, which are fully made of organic materials. Though the Filipino term Bahay na bato means "house of stone", these houses are not fully made up of stone some are even dominated more by wooden materials, and some more modern ones use concrete materials. Today, these houses are more commonly called ancestral houses, due to most ancestral houses in the Philippines being of Bahay na bato architecture.Ī fine exampe of Bahay na bato Philippine architecture After the Second World War, building these houses declined and eventually stopped in favor of post-World War II modern architecture. This architecture is still used during the American colonization of the Philippines. The same architectural style was used for Philippines' Spanish-era convents, monasteries, schools, hotels, factories, and hospitals, and with some of the American-era Gabaldon school buildings, all with few adjustments. ![]() ![]() The 19th century was the golden age of these houses, when wealthy Filipinos built fine houses all over the archipelago. It was popular among the elite or middle-class, and integrated the characteristics of the nipa hut with the style, culture and technology of Chinese and Spanish Architecture. Bahay na bato had a rectangular plan that reflected vernacular Austronesian Filipino traditional houses integrated with Spanish style. Horses for carriages were housed in stables called caballerizas. Like bahay kubo, much of this ground level was reserved for storage in business districts, some spaces were rented to shops. It followed the bahay kubo's arrangements such as open ventilation and elevated apartments used as living space with the ground floor used for storerooms, cellars, and other business purposes. ![]() Its most common appearance that is organized. Its design has evolved throughout the ages, but still maintains the bahay kubo's architectural basis which corresponds to the tropical climate, stormy season, and earthquake-prone environment of the whole archipeybrid of Austronesian, Spanish, and Chinese architecture. It is an updated version of the traditional bahay kubo. Bahay na bato (Tagalog, literally "house of stone") is a type of building originating during the Philippines' Spanish Colonial Period. ![]()
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